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- Christian History 102
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- Nicholas Ferrar
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- Nicholas Ferrar was assumed to be born in 1592. I have found that his most probable birth
- date was in February of 1593. This is due to the usual calendar confusion: England was
- not at that time using the new calendar adopted in October 1582. It was 1593 according
- to our modern calendar, but at the time the new year in England began on the following
- March 25th.
- Nicholas Ferrar was one of the more interesting figures in English history. His family was
- quite wealthy and were heavily involved in the Virginia Company, which had a Royal
- Charter for the plantation of Virginia. People like Sir Walter Raleigh were often visitors to
- the family home in London. FerrarsÆ niece was named Virginia, the first known use of this
- name. Ferrar studied at Cambridge and would have gone further with his studies but the
- damp air of the fens was bad for his health and he traveled to Europe, spending time in the
- warmer climate of Italy.
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- On his return to England he found his family had fared badly. His brother John had
- become over extended financially and the Virginia Company was in danger of loosing its
- charter. Nicholas dedicated himself to saving the family fortune and was successful. He
- served for a short time as Member of Parliament, where he tried to promote the cause for
- the Virginia Company. His efforts were in vain for the company lost their charter anyway.
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- Nicholas is given credit for founding a Christian community called the English Protestant
- Nunnery at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire, England. After Ferrar was ordained as a
- deacon, he retired and started his little community. Ferrar was given help and support
- with his semi-religious community by John Collet, as well as ColletÆs wife and fourteen
- children. They devoted themselves to a life of prayer, fasting and almsgiving (Matthew
- 6:2,5,16).
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- The community was founded in 1626, when Nicholas was 34 years old. Banning together,
- they restored an abandoned church that was being used as a barn. Being of wealthy
- decent, Ferrar purchased the manor of Little Gidding, a village which had been discarded
- since the Black Death (a major outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 14th century), a few
- miles off the Great North Road, and probably recommended by John Williams, Bishop of
- Lincoln whose palace was in the nearby village of Buckden. About thirty people along
- with Mary Ferrar (FerrarsÆ mother) moved into the manor house. Nicholas became
- spiritual leader of the community.
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- The community was very strict under the supervision of Nicholas. They read daily offices
- of the Book of Common Prayer, including the recital of the complete Psalter. every day.
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- Day and night there was at least one member of the community kneeling in prayer at the
- alter, that they were keeping the word, ôPray without ceasingö. They taught the
- neighborhood children, and looked after the health and well being of the community. They
- fasted and in many ways embraced voluntary poverty so that they might have as much
- money as possible for the relief of the poor. They wrote books and stories dealing with
- various aspects of Christian faith and practice. The memory of the community survived to
- inspire and influence later undertakings of Christian communal living, and one of T.S.
- EliotsÆ Four Quartets is called ôLittle Gidding.ö
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- Nicholas was a bookbinder and he taught the community the craft as well as gilding and
- the so-called pasting printing by means of a rolling press. The members of the community
- produced the remarkable ôHarmoniesö of the scriptures, one of which was produced by
- Mary Collet for King Charles I.. Some of the bindings were in gold toothed leather, some
- were in velvet which had a considerable amount of gold tooling. Some of the embroidered
- bindings of this period have also been attributed to the so-called nuns of Little Gidding.
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- The community attracted much attention and was visited by the king, Charles I. He was
- attracted by a gospel harmony they had produced. The king asked to borrow it only to
- return it a few months later in exchange for a promise of a new harmony to give his son,
- Charles, Prince of Wales. This the Ferrars did, and the superbly produced and bound
- manuscript passed through the royal collection, and is now on display at the British
- Library.
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- Nicholas Ferrar, who was never married, died in 1637, and was buried outside the church
- in Little Gidding. NicholasÆs brother John assumed the leadership of the community.
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- John did his best to make the community thrive. He was visited by the king several times.
- At one time the king came for a visit with the Prince of Wales, he donated some money
- that he had won in a card game from the prince. The kings last visit was in secret and at
- night. He was fleeing from defeat from the battle of Naseby and was heading north to try
- to enlist support from the Scots. John brought him secretly to Little Gidding and got him
- away the next day.
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- The community was now in much danger. The Presbyterian Puritans were now on the rise
- and the community was condemned with a series of pamphlets calling them an ôArminian
- Nunneryö (Ariminius was a Dutch reformer and theologian who opposed the Calvinist
- doctrine of predestination and election)
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- In 1646 the community was forcibly broken up by Parliamentary soldiers. Their brass
- baptismal font was damaged, cast into the pond and not recovered until 200 years later.
- The village remained in the Ferrar family but it was not until the 18th century that the
- church was restored by another Nicholas Ferrar. Ferrar restored the church, shortened the
- nave by about 8 feet and built the ôdull facadeö that Eliot spoke of.
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- In the mid 19th century, William Hodgkinson came along and restored the church more.
- He installed the armorial stain glass windows, (4 windows with the arms of Ferrar, Charles
- the 1st and Bishop Williams inserted). He then put in a rose window at the east end (this
- rose window was later replaced by a Palladian-style plain glass window). Hodgkinson
- recovered the brass font, restored it and reinstalled it in the church. An elaborate 18th
- century chandelier now hangs in the church, installed by Hodgkinson.
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- from _Little Gidding_ by T.S. Eliot
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- If you came this way,
- Taking any route, starting from anywhere,
- At any time or at any season,
- It would always be the same: you would have to put off
- Sense and notion. You are not here to verify,
- Instruct yourself, or inform curiosity
- Or carry report. You are here to kneel
- Where prayer has been valid. And prayer is more
- Than an order of words, the conscious occupation
- Of the praying mind, or the sound of the voice praying.
- And what the dead had no speech for, when living,
- They can tell you, being dead: the communication
- Of the dead is tongued with fire
- beyond the language of the living.
- Here, the intersection of the timeless moment
- Is England and nowhere. Never and always.
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- Bibliography
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- Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--Ferrar, Nicholas - Bookbinding and the Conservation
- of Books A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology. Ferrar, Nicholas ( 1592-1637 )
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- Columbia Encyclopedia - Table Of Contents - Columbia Encyclopedia. F. Faber, Frederick
- William. Faber, Johannes. Fabian, Saint. Fabian Society. Fabius. Fabius, Laurent. fable.
- fabliau, plural...
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- Christian Biographies Commemorated in November - FOR THE FEAST OF ALL
- SAINTS
- (1 NOV) FIRST READING: Ecclesiasticus 44:1-10,13-14 ("Let us now praise famous
- men...."; a commemoration of patriarchs,...
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- A History Of The Church In England, J.R.H.Moorman, Morehouse Publishing copyright
- 1980
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- The Story Of Christianity, Justo L Gonzalez, Harper Collins Publishers copyright 1984
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- The Episcopal Church, David Locke Hippocrene Books, New York copyright 1991
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